In  loving  remembrance  of  our  brother 
in  gray 


-  Carr 


€&e  Li&rarp 

Of  tl)t 

Gfntoergitp  of  Jftortj)  Carolina 


Collection  of  jl2ort|)  Catoliniana 
from  tfie  Eiotatp  of 

Q>97o.7G> 
C3|i 


WaM&  L-i 


IN  LOVING  REMEMBRANCE 


■OF- 


OUR   BROTHER    IN   GRAY. 


'No  country  e'er  had  a  truer  son,  no  cause  a  nobler  champion, 

No  people  a  bolder  defender — no  principle  a  purer  victim, 

Than  the  soldier  commemorated  here. 

The  cause  for  which  he  perished  is  lost ; 

The  hopes  in  which  he  trusted  are  shattered; 

But  his  fame,  linked  with  immortality, 

Shall  in  the  years  to  come,  fire  modest  worth  to  noble  ends. 

In  honor  now  our  hero  rests, 

And  history  shall  cherish  him 

Among  those  choicer  spirits  who  have  been 

In  all  conjunctures,  true  to  themselves, 

Their  country,  and  their  God." 


An  Address  Delivered  at  Windsor,  Bertie  County,  N.  C, 

BEFORE  THE 

BERTIE  COUNTY  VETERAN  ASSOCIATION, 

Thursday,  August  ist,  1895, 
BY    A    FELLOW    COMRADE    IN    ARMS, 

JULIAN     S.    GARR, 

Private,  Company  K.,  3d  North  Carolina  Cavalry,  Barrlnger's  Brigade,  A.  N.  V. 


Ex-Confederate  Veterans  of  Bertie  and  Surround- 
ing Counties,  My  Countrymen,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen  : 

I  hold  it  one  of  the  greatest  honors  and  pleasures 
of  my  life  to  be  with  you  to-day.  When  the  invita- 
tion to  speak  to  you  came  to  me  I  rejoiced,  because  I 
have  long  desired  to  visit  the  glorious  Albemarle  sec- 
tion. Celebrated  for  its  gentle  climate,  majestic  pine 
and  cypress  areas,  splendid  rivers  and  shimmering 
sounds  of  silvery  waters,  with  their  vast  fishing  indus- 
tries, I  have  longed  to  see  this  land,  with  its  moss- 
wreathed  swamps,  needing  only  the  magic  hand  of 
capital  to  make  them  fields  of  waving  green  and 
golden  harvest — this  land  famed  for  its  warm  ami 
princely  hospitality,  its  culture,  refinement  and  fierce 
love  of  liberty,  and  for  its  brave  men  and  beautiful 
women.  I  repeat,  I  am  happy  to  be  with  you  to-day. 
Bertie  county  has  produced  many  noble  and  illus- 
trious sons,  one  of  whom  I  often  have  the  pleasure  of 
seeing.  Dr.  George  Tayloe  Winston,  who  is  directing 
with  honor  and  success  the  greatest  educational  insti- 
tution of  the  South.  And  another,  Robert  Watson 
Winston,  has  recently  come  to  the  city  in  which  I  live 
to  devote  himself  to  that  profession  whose  ermine  he 
has  adorned,  and  whose  practice  has  given  him  honor 
and  fame  throughout  North  Carolina.  And  the  names 
of  Captains  Garrett,  and  Outlaw,  and  White,  and 
Cherry,  and  Sutton,  and  Jacocks,  and  their  brave 
comrades,  will  be  loved  and  honored  by  your  people 
even  as  the  names  of  Robert  the  Bruce  and  of  Wallace 
are  revered  by  the  Highlanders  of  Scotland. 

Time  and  occasion  will  not  permit  me  the  pleasure 
of  mentioning  the  names  and  deeds  of  the  many  dis 


p^*>M 


— 2— 

tinguished  sons  of  Bertie.  No  county  in  North  Caro- 
lina has  surpassed  them  in  valor  upon  the  battlefield, 
in  wisdom  in  halls  of  State,  or  in  burning  oratory  on 
the  hustings  and  in  the  Forum.  Her  adopted  son, 
Patrick  Henry  Winston,  patriot  and  eminent  and  dis- 
tinguished jurist,  brought  name  and  fame  not  only  to 
the  Albemarle  section,  but  to  the  entire  State,  from 
where  the  restless  ocean  combs  her  disheveled  locks  at 
stormy  Hatteras  to  where  our  grand  old  mountains 
cast  their  morning  shadows  across  the  line  into  Ten- 
nessee. Her  William  W.  Cherry  was  the  Sargeant  S. 
Prentiss  of  North  Carolina.  Here,  too,  in  the  county 
of  old  Albemarle,  now  bearing  the  beautiful  name  of 
Bertie,  we  find  ourselves  surrounded  by  scenes  that 
thrill  the  heart  and  suggest  great  events  in  the  history 
of  our  country.  Not  far  away  the  sun  smiles  upon 
the  birthplace  of  Virginia  Dare,  the  first  English 
child  born  on  American  soil,  and  upon  a  bay,  whose 
'beauty  reminds  one  of  the  • -pride  and  glory"  of 
Naples,  is  Edenton,  whose  noble  women  struck  the 
first  spark  of  American  Independence  at  their  historic 
tea  party. 

And  now  I  hear  the  roar  of  guns  at  Plymonth,  and 
Hoke's  splendid  division  and  the  famous  Albemarle, 
under  Capt.  .1.  W.  Cooke,  who,  it  was  said,  '-would 
fight  a  powder  magazine  with  a  coal  of  fire, ' '  drive  the 
Federals  out  of  the  town  and  add  another  victory  to 
the  Confederate  arms — the  wonderful  Ram  Albemarle 
that  with  the  Merrimac  in  Hampton  Roads  set  a  lesson 
for  the  nations  that  revolutionized  naval  warfare  and 
has  covered  the  seas  with  steel  monsters,  whose  battle- 
fiags  are  involuntary  tributes  to  Confederate  genius 
and  valor. 

Again  we  hear  the  boom  of  guns,  and  Roanoke 
Island  is  shaken  by  the  thunder  of  cannon  and 
wreathed  in  the  fire  of  batteries.     Yes.  we  are  in  the 


midst  of  historic  scenes  that  will  inspire  the  youth  of 
this  favored  section  of  North  Carolina  to  emulate  the 
heroism  of  their  fathers,  and  the  fortitude  and  sub- 
lime devotion  to  duty  which  their  mothers  displayed. 
My  countrymen,  my  brothers,  I  come  to-day  with 
no  jnirpose  to  deal  in  mere  compliment  or  exaggerated 
phrase,  for  however  pleasant  to  me,  unless  I  can  say 
something  useful,  it  were  better  that  you  had  honored 
some  other  with  your  invitation  to  address  you  on 
this  sacred  occasion.  I  shall  endeavor  to  speak  with 
the  impartial  tongue  of  history  and  of  love,  and  for  a 
brief  space  I  ask  your  attention  to  a  consideration  of 

OTTR    BROTHER    IN    GRAY. 

The  most  of  you  know  all  that  I  know,  and  more, 
touching  that  sublime  character,  for  his  achievements 
have  been  heralded  from  "the  blushing  Orient  to  the 
drooping  West. ' '  But  we  owe  a  duty  to  our  children, 
to  those  who  have  come  up  around  us  during  the  past 
thirty  years.  At  Appomattox,  General  Lee,  almost 
crushed  by  the  grief  of  contemplated  surrender,  ex- 
claimed, "Oh  that  posterity  might  understand." 

Let  us  dedicate  our  lives  to  teaching  posterity  to 
understand  the  justness  of  the  Confederate  cause  and 
the  splendor  of  its  arms. 

When  ./Eneas  the  Trojan  was  commanded  by  the 
Queen  of  Carthage  to  relate  the  tragic  story  of  the 
fall  of  Troy,  he  gave  expression  to  his  unutterable 
grief  in  the  question:  "Who  of  the  Myrmy dons,  or 
what  follower  even  of  the  stern  Ulysses,  could  refrain 
from  tears  at  such  a  recital?" 

Time  was,  my  brothers,  when  we  could  not  recite 
the  "Illiad  of  our  woes"  without  weeping.  But  the 
years  have  softened  our  grief  to  a  sweet  and  gentle 
memory,  and  duty,  which  General  Lee  declared  "the 
sublimest  word  in  our  language,"  calls  us  to  speak. 


—4— 

SECESSION. 

The  cause  of  the  colossal  contest  in  this  country 
from  sixty-one  to  five  was  not  slavery,  as  many  sup- 
pose ;  slavery  was  only  the  occasion,  not  the  cause  of 
the  war.  The  magazine  was  ready.  Slavery  was  the 
spark  that  caused  the  explosion.  Says  the  historian  : 
••The  causes  of  the  civil  war  cropped  out  during  the 
Colonial  era,  and  became  fully  apparent  during  the 
debates  of  the  State  assemblies  on  the  adoption  of  the 
Federal  constitution." 

One  of  the  greatest  writers  of  the  North  declares 
that  "the  war  that  broke  out  in  1861  was  only  the 
overt  act  of  long  standing  aversions,  and  to  talk  of 
treason  was  ridiculous  in  the  masses,  and  false  and 
perfidious  in  the  leaders.  The  movement  of  sixty-one 
was  not  treason  nor  rebellion,  but  war  between  differ- 
ent portions  of  American  society  about  the  proper 
construction  of  the  Constitution." 

The  right  of  the  States  to  withdraw  from  the  Union 
was  never  disputed  until  shortly  prior  to  1861.  The 
first  mutterings  of  secession  came  from  the  North, 
when,  in  1793,  Theodore  D wight  declared  that  •'before 
his  people  would  submit  to  the  prosecution  of  the  im- 
pending war  with  England,  they  would  separate  from 
the  Union." 

The  right  of  secession  was  proclaimed  and  threatened 
in  1803.  1812.  1840  and  1850.  and  on  the  17th  day  of 
December,  after  the  secession  of  South  Carolina, 
Horace  Greeley,  probably  the  bitterest  abolitionist  in 
the  North,  wrote  in  his  journal  these  words  :  ••If  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  justified  the  secession 
from  the  British  Empire  of  three  million  colonists  in 
1 776,  we  do  not  see  why  five  million  Southerners  may 
not  withdraw  from  the  Federal  Union  in  1861.  If  the 
Southern  States  choose  to  form  an  independent  nation, 
they  have  a  clear  moral  right  to  do  so." 


General  Grant  said,  in  his  memoirs,  '-The  Constitu- 
tion did  not  authorize  the  war,  but  it  made  no  provi- 
sions against  it."  Mark  it,  these  are  Northern 
authorities  as  to  the  right  of  secession  quite  sufficient 
to  convince  any  one,  but  the  overwhelming  arguments 
in  its  favor,  advanced  by  Davis  and  Stephens  and 
Bledsoe  and  other  Southern  statesmen,  were  sealed 
with  the  blood  of  Southern  chivalry  and  admit  of  no 
answer. 

The  right  to  withdraw  from  the  Union  being  con- 
ceded, why  did  the  South  desire  to  exercise  that 
right?  "Because  of  the  intolerable  political  situa- 
tion," says  Mr.  Remelin,  "that  brought  attacks  upon 
the  constitutional  rights  of  the  Southern  States,  from 
which  there  was  no  defense  but  a  bloody  resistance." 

It  is  part  of  the  history  of  this  country  that  the 
first  entrance  into  the  slave  business  was  not  only  in 
the  North,  but  by  Massachusetts  as  a  colony.  So  we 
find  that  the  traffic  in  blood  and  bones  was  introduced 
and  pursued,  as  long  as  profitable,  by  the  fathers  of 
the  men  who,  in  1861,  under  the  pretense  of  battling 
for  human  freedom,  forced  a  bloody  war  upon  the 
men  to  whom  their  fathers  had  formerly  sold  their 
negro  slaves. 

Slavery  was  an  extraneous  question  by  which  North- 
ern Demagogues  moved  the  masses  of  the  North  to 
stab  the  Constitution  in  the  name  of  Liberty — for 
slavery  was  part  of  the  very  life  of  the  Federal  Con- 
stitution, guaranteed  by  the  Fathers  and  ratified  by 
the  Nation. 

WAR. 

And  now  in  the  last  days  of  1860,  the  contest  for 
States  Rights  and  Sovereignty  is  adjourned  from  the 
Halls  of  States.     Behold  the  Arbiter ! 

"The  giant  war,  in  awful  power  stands, 

His  blood  red  tresses  deepening  in  the  sun, 
With  death  shot  glowing  in  his  fiery  hands. 
An  eye  that  searcheth  all  it  glares  upon." 


— 6— 

The  host  of  the  North  is  marshalling  for  the  con- 
flict. See !  their  fluttering  banners,  marching  col- 
umns, their  black- wheeled  guns,  their  splendid  cavalry 
gathering  "in  war's  magnificently  stern  array." 

And  now  like  the  answering  defiance  of  the  south- 
wind  to  the  north  before  some  mighty  storm  off 
Hatteras,  so  powerfully  portrayed  by  a  great  poet, 
comes  the  bugle  note  of  the  new-born  Confederacy. 
It  fires  the  hearts  of  the  brave  men  of  the  Palmetto 
State,  and  reverberates  amid  the  flowery  meads  and 
orange  groves  of  Florida,  animating  her  patriots  to 
strike  for  freedom ;  the  sons  of  Georgia  and  Alabama, 
and  Mississippi  and  Louisiana  and  Arkansas  and 
Tennessee  catch  its  silver  note  and  rush  a  tide  of 
living  valor  to  the  defense  of  home  and  native  land  ; 
the  men  of  the  "Lone  Star"  State,  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  Churiibusco,  Chapultepec  and  the  Alamo, 
pour  their  legions  toward  the  North  ;  and  the  heroes 
of  North  Carolina  and  Virginia  spring  to  its  clarion 
call  as  gladly  as  their  fathers  did,  in  the  morning  of 
the  Republic,  to  the  call  of  Washington. 

We  see  it  all  again.  We  see  fathers  putting  away 
the  clinging  arms  of  children  and  bending  above  the 
cradles  of  dimpled  babes.  And  we  see  such  partings 
of  loved  ones  as  nearly  press  the  life  out  of  brave 
hearts. 

Come  with  me,  my  countrymen,  and  let  us  see  what 
these  Southerners  did  that  has  given  them  an  immor- 
tality of  honor. 

Behold  on  the  one  side  a  government  strengthened 
by  the  growth  of  seventy-two  years,  on  the  other  a 
government  yet  in  its  swaddling  bands. 

On  the  side  of  the  North,  forces  ultimately  number- 
ing two  million  eight  hundred  thousand  men,  drawn 
from  a  population  of  twenty  million  with  the  world 
for  reinforcements,   equipped  with   all  the  comforts 


—7— 

unci  paraphernalia  of  war ;  on  the  side  of  the  South, 
behold  her  six  hundred  thousand  men,  backed  by  a 
population  of  only  six  million,  without  manufactories 
or  adequate  munitions  and  means  of  war,  with  noth- 
ing to  draw  on  to  fill  her  exhausted  ranks  save  the 
•'cradle  and  the  grave." 

I  have  read  of  the  Paladins  of  Richard,  the  Cohorts 
of  Cresar,  the  Phalanxes  of  Macedon,  the  Legions  of 
Gaul,  the  Granadiers  of  Frederick  the  Great,  the 
Squares  of  Wellington,  the  ''Old  Guard' '  of  Napo- 
leon, but  I  tell  you,  my  brothers,  the  Confederate 
soldier,  with  his  old  slouch  hat,  his  bright  bayonet, 
his  half-starved  form,  it  may  be  in  tattered  faded  coat 
of  gray,  and  shoeless  feet,  stands  the  supreme  mili- 
tary figure  of  the  ages. 

Says  another:  "He  was  clothed  in  rags,  but,  like 
his  naked  ancestors  in  the  woods  of  Germany,  he 
carried  in  his  bosom  the  heart  of  a  king.  He  was 
hungry  and  cold,  but  his  dauntless  spirit  glowed  with 
the  warmth  of  heroism  and  filled  him  with  the  joy  of 
unconquerable  manhood.  Few  soldiers  have  equaled 
him  in  the  misery  and  poverty  of  his  equipment ; 
none  have  surpassed  him  in  the  majesty  of  his  spirit, 
or  the  heroism  of  his  deeds." 

And  what  sea  king  ever  surpassed  our  Semanes  and 
his  Alabama  ? 

HEROISM    AND    GENTUS. 

At  Sharpsburg  Lee,  with  forty  thousand  men,  re- 
pulsed McClelland  and  his  army  of  ninety  thousand 
veterans,  whose  discipline  was  superb  and  who  fought 
with  the  greatest  gallantry. 

Anon  we  see  the  red  battle  flags  and  gray  coats 
crowning  the  Heights  of  Fredericksburg,  while  Burn- 
side's  splendid  army  deploys  in  line  of  battle  in  the 
valley  below,  a.  magnificent  panorama  moving  to  the 


— 8— 

roars  of  a  hundred  great  guns  on  Stafford  Heights. 

At  the  proper  moment  General  Lee  contracts  his 
line  of  twenty-five  miles  to  less  than  five,  and  with 
seventy-eight  thousand  soldiers,  awaits  the  attack  of 
one  hundred  and  thirteen  thousand  blue  coats.  Three 
times  the  Union  troops  assault  the  Confederate  works 
in  rapid  succession,  and  with  a  courage  and  discipline 
marvelous  to  behold,  Meagher's  Irish  Brigade  won  an 
immortality  of  fame  at  the  foot  of  the  stone  wall  held 
by  JSTorth  Carolina  troops,  and  added  new  glory  to 
the  already  luminous  history  of  the  Irish  in  battle. 
Victory  remained  with  Lee. 

When  the  spring  of  1863  came,  a  mighty  Federal 
army  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  thousand,  under 
General  Hooker,  an  officer  of  ability,  made  the  fourth 
grand  "On  to  Richmond, "  but  there,  in  the  tangled 
growth  of  the  Wilderness,  they  were  met  by  forty- 
seven  thousand  Confederates,  and  hurled,  broken  and 
demoralized,  across  the  Rappahanock.  Lee's  genius 
of  battle,  and  Jackson's  great  flank  movement,  en- 
rolled Chancellorsville  by  the  side  of  Blenheim  and 
Lutzen,  Austerlitz  and  Jena.  But  the  triumph  was 
lost  in  the  fall  of  Stonewall  Jackson,  the  "right  arm 
of  Lee,"  whose  death  sent  a  chill  to  the  heart  of '  the 
Southern  people. 

On  the  24th  of  June,  1863,  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  crossed  the  Potomac,  and,  says  the  historian, 
"The  world  will  not  soon  see  such  a  spectacle  again.'* 
Seventy-two  thousand  muskets  glistened  in  the  sun ; 
two  hundred  and  sixty  pieces  of  field  ordnance  were 
ready  to  envelope  the  foe  in  sheets  of  flame ;  fifteen 
thousand  chosen  horsemen  followed  the  plume  of 
Stuart,  the  "Harry  Hotspur"  of  the  South,  and  all 
yielded  ready  obedience  to  the  illustrious  and  vener- 
ated Commander-in-Chief. 


GETTYSBURG    AND    WATERLOO. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  describe  the  Battle  of 
Gettysburg  in  detail.  To  do  so  would  require  a 
volume.  It  was,  perhaps,  a  greater  battle  than  that 
of  Waterloo.  In  many  particulars  they  were  strik- 
ingly alike,  a  review  of  which  may  prove  interesting, 
but  in  two  respects,  which  I  desire  to  emphasize,  they 
were  remarkably  dissimilar. 

At  Waterloo  the  English  were  fortified  on  Mount 
St.  Jean,  the  French  were  in  the  plain  below.  At 
Gettysburg  the  Federals  were  entrenched  on  Cemetery 
Heights,  the  Confederates  on  a  low  range  of  hills 
called  Seminary  Ridge.  There  were  a  hundred  and 
fifty- two  thousand  troops  engaged  at  Waterloo,  one 
hundred  and  fifty-five  thousand  at  Gettysburg.  The 
loss  in  killed  and  wounded  at  Waterloo  was  forty- 
nine  thousand,  at  Gettysburg  forty-six  thousand. 

Had  Napoleon  opened  the  battle  four  hours  sooner, 
he  could  have  crushed  Wellington  before  the  arrival 
of  Blucher.  Had  Longstreet  moved  his  corps,  when 
ordered  by  Lee,  four  hours  sooner  than  he  did. 
Sickles'  and  Hancock's  corps  would  have  been  de- 
feated before  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  corps  reached  the 
field.  Grouchy  was  separated  from  Napoleon  at 
Waterloo,  Stuart  was  separated  from  Lee  at  Gettys- 
burg. Had  his  cavalry  been  with  General  Lee,  or 
had  he  had  a  topographical  staff  to  advise  him  of  the 
nature  of  the  country,  the  Federals  would  never  have 
obtained  possession  of  Cemetery  Heights,  thus  doub- 
ling the  strength  of  the  Union  army.  Had  Napoleon 
been  advised  of  the  condition  of  the  country,  and  not 
dependent  for  information  upon  the  word  of  a  hostile 
guide,  two  thousand  of  Milhaud's  four  thousand  giant 
horsemen,  with  breast-plates  of  steel,  led  by  Ney, 
would  not  have  been  crushed  to  death  in  the  sunken 


—10— 

road  of  Ohain ;  and  the  impact  of  that  mighty  mass 
would  have  broken  the  English  centre.  Napoleon 
staked  all  upon  the  charge  of  the  Old  Guard ;  Lee 
staked  all  upon  the  Greatest  Charge  of  modern  times. 

Here  the  wonderful  similarity  between  these  battles 
ceases. 

When  defeat  came  to  the  French  army,  it  became  a 
demoralized  mob  and  rushed  pell-mell  from  the  field. 
When  defeat  came  to  the  Confederates,  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  was  no  panic-stricken  mob.  Gen- 
eral Meade  afterwards  declared  he  saw  "in  it  no 
symptoms  of  demoralization.' *  General  Lee  and  his 
army  expected  and  anxiously  awaited  an  attack,  but 
it  never  came.  Both  armies  remained  in  position 
until  the  night  of  the  4th  of  July,  and  then  moved, 
one  down  the  eastern  the  other  down  the  western  side 
of  South  Mountain,  with  their  banners  turned  toward 
Hagerstown. 

The  French  army  at  Waterloo,  composed  of  veterans 
whose  tramp  had  shaken  every  throne  in  Europe,  and 
given  to  France  such  victories  as  Friedland  and  Mar- 
engo, and  Austeralitz,  and  Jena,  and  Borodino,  and 
Bautzan,  and  Leipsic,  and  Ligny,  became  a  flying, 
hopeless,  helpless  rout,  while  Lee's  veterans  at  Gettys- 
burg, under  similar  or  worse  conditions,  stood  a  bank 
of  steel,  defying  attack. 

The  other  difference  which  I  desire  to  emphasize  is 
this  :  Wandering  in  the  darkness  upon  the  fatal  and 
fateful  field  of  Waterloo,  Napoleon  sought  death  by 
English  bullets,  while  General  Lee  at  Gettysburg,  in- 
comparably grander,  as  his  shattered  divisions  marched 
by  exclaimed,  "Human  virtue  should  be  equal  to  hu- 
man calamity." 

So  against  the  Lilies  of  France,  we  place  the  Stars 
and  Bars,  and  against  the  genius  of  Napoleon,  that 
of  Robert  E.  Lee. 


-11— 


NORTH    CAROLINA    AT    GETTYSBURG. 

And  what  was  North  Carolina's  part  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg?  It  is  our  duty  to  chronicle  her  deeds  on 
that  field  whenever  occasion  offers. 

For  thirty  years  we  have  heard  of  Pickett's  Vir- 
ginians, and  but  little  to  the  honor  of  the  North  Car- 
olinians in  that  great  battle.  We  have  allowed  others 
to  write  our  history  quite  long  enough.  They  have 
written  it  to  suit  themselves.  How  many  North  Car- 
olinians were  in  that  charge?  The  Eleventh,  Twenty - 
sixth,  Forty-seventh  and  Fifty-second  Regiments 
North  Carolina  Troops  of  Pettigrew's  Brigade;  the 
Seventh,  Eighteenth,  Twenty-eighth,  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-seventh  Regiments  of  Lane's  Brigade;  and  the 
Thirteenth,  Sixteenth,  Twenty-second,  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-eighth  of  Scales'  Brigade,  and  one  North 
Carolina  Regiment  of  Davis'  Mississippi  Brigade. 

Of  Lane's  thirteen  hundred  veterans,  six  hundred 
were  left  on  the  field.  Of  Pettigrew's  Brigade  of 
seventeen  hundred,  eleven  hundred  remained  on  the 
field.  And  Scales'  Brigade  suffered  in  the  same  pro- 
portion. Many  of  the  North  Carolina  Regiments  had 
been  cut  to  pieces,  and  were  exhausted  by  the  fight  of 
the  first  day,  in  which  Pickett's  troops  had  not  par- 
ticipated. 

The  North  Carolinians,  in  sweejring  up  the  slope  of 
Cemetary  Hights,  met  obstacles,  and  were  mowed  down 
by  showers  of  grape  and  canister,  which  Pickett's 
command  fortunately  escaped. 

Pettigrew  was  commanding  Heth's  Division.  Not- 
withstanding their  decimated  ranks,  the  natural  obsta- 
cles and  the  awful  havoc  of  the  artillery,  the  North 
Carolinians  penetrated  furthest  into  the  Federal  lines, 
and  Lane's  Troops  were  the  last  to  retire  from  the 
Federal  guns. 


—12— 

I  do  not  wish  to  be  misunderstood.  I  would  not 
utter  one  word  in  disparagement  of  the  sublime  cour- 
age and  patriotism  of  Pickett's  magnificant  body  of 
Heroes,  nor  of  any  Confederate  command  present,  but 
I  state  the  facts  of  History,  and  ask  for  justice  for 
North  Carolina's  sons,  who  poured  out  their  life-blood 
like  water,  at  the  foot  of  the  Pennsylvania  mountains, 
on  that  fiery,  fatal  third  day  of  July,  1863.  These 
North  Carolinians  had  won  the  victory  of  the  first  day, 
and  the  historian  tells  us  that  these  same  men,  Heth's 
gallant  division,  intrepidly  maintained  itself  not  long 
afterwards  at  the  Wilderness,  for  three  hours  against 
the  combined  power  of  the  Federal  army. 

GRANT  AND  THE  SURRENDER  OF  THE  ARMY  OF 
NORTHERN  VIRGINIA. 

In  May,  1864,  commenced  the  beginning  of  the  end. 
dfrant  crossed  the  Iiapidan  with  an  army  of  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-two  thousand  veteran  troops,  while  the 
forces  at  the  command  of  Lee,  numbered  only  fifty-two 
thousand  six  hundred  and  twenty-six.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  disparity,  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia 
was  unshaken  and  dangerous.  It  was  an  army  of 
•  -veterans  sharpened  to  a  perfect  edge, ' '  as  a  Northern 
writer  declared. 

Grant,  an  able  soldier  with  wonderful  persistence, 
discarded  the  science  of  war  and  resorted  to  mere  at- 
trition, knowing  that  he  could  better  afford  to  lose 
ten  men  than  Lee  could  one. 

Soon  followed  the  ferocious  struggle  of  the  Wilder- 
ness. The  bloody  scenes  of  Spotsylvania  Court  House 
and  Cold  Harbor,  the  long-drawn-out,  but  sublime  de- 
fense of  Petersburg  and  then — Appomattox. 
'  The  supreme  hour  had  come.  The  Army  of  North- 
ern Virginia,  of  twenty-six  thousand  men,  with  only 
seven  thousand  eight  hundred  men  with  muskets  in 


—13— 

their  hands,  surrounded  by  the  massive  lines  of  Grant 
150,000  strong,  is  about  to  surrender.  The  brightest 
orb  that  ever  traversed  fame's  burning  elliptic  is  about 
to  disappear  from  the  sight  of  men  forever,  but  like 
the  orb  of  day,  as  it  sinks  beneath  the  western  wave, 
it  is  to  leave  a  light  behind  that  is  to  irradiate  the 
earth. 

There  stood  the  starving,  shattered  remnant  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  whose  conquoring  ban- 
ners had  waved  in  triumph  over  eight  and  twenty  san- 
guinary fields  of  battle ;  that  had  wrestled  with  death, 
and  won  victory,  and  suffered  defeat  through  four  gi- 
gantic campaigns,  and  strewed  its  heroic  dead  from 
the  crest  of  Cemetery  Heights  to  the  gates  of  Vir- 
ginia's capital  city. 

That  army,  my  brothers,  that  had  eternized  the 
name  of  Beauregard  with  First  Manassas,  and  adorn- 
ed the  brow  of  Joe  Johnson  with  the  splendid  wreath 
of  Seven  Pines,  carved  the  name  of  Jackson  upon  the 
granite  foundations  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  wrought 
the  battle  tires  of  four  long  years  into  a  diadem  of 
glory  for  the  brow  of  Robert  E.  Lee.  S 

A  GREAT  CONFEDERATE  MUSEUM  AND  ROYAL 
GALLERY  OF  LEADERS. 

France  has  her  Muse  d'Artillerie  and  Salle  des 
Armes,  in  which  are  collected  the  wonders  and  me- 
mentoes of  her  victories  and  campaigns.  It  may  be 
that  in  the  future  we  may  see  a  mighty  Confederate 
Museum  in  Richmond,  the  gateway  of  the  Southern 
Confederacy.  Its  courts  containing  the  curios,  battle 
flags  and  relics  of  our  terrific  contest,  and  its  walls 
mosaiced  with  tablets  and  enriched  with  portraits  of 
the  great  leaders  of  the  Confederacy — Jefferson  Davis, 
who  upheld  the  fortunes  of  the  South,  as  Hector  did 
those  of  Troy ;   Robert  E.  Lee.  who  Stonewall  Jack- 


—14— 

son  said  he  ''would  follow  blindfold,"  and  who  the 
military  critics  of  Europe  rank  with  Ca?sar  and  Na- 
poleon ;  Albert  Sidney  Johnson,  who  for  the  South 
sacrificed  his  life  at  Shiloh,  and  who,  Swiuton  says, 
was  "the  brightest  star  in  the  firmament  of  the  South- 
ern Confederacy;"  Joseph  E.  Johnson,  who  Grant 
said  he  ;  "feared  more  than  any  commander  ever  in  his 
front:"  P.  T.  Beauregard,  the  greatest  military  en- 
gineer since  Todleben ;  and  Jubal  A.  Early,  the  great 
lieutenant  of  Lee ;  the  chivalric  commander  of  the 
Light  Division.  A.  P.  Hill;  and  Richard  Ewell,  the 
splendid  soldier  trained  by  Jackson;  I).  H.  Hill,  the 
magnificent  commander,  and  Hood,  the  indomitable 
and  impetuous  Texan ;  Longstreet,  the  Macdonald  of 
the  army :  Wade  Hampton,  the  chivalric  Knight  of 
Carolina,  and  the  intrepid  soldier,  R.  F.  Hoke ;  Fitz 
Lee.  the  splendid  Cavalier  of  the  Confederacy,  and 
Forrest,  the  Murat  of  the  Southwest ;  AVheeler,  the 
great  cavalryman,  and  Pettigrew,  whose  "name  is  as 
immortal  as  the  stars."  There  we  would  read  of  the 
deeds,  and  see  the  portraits,  of  the  noble  Ashby,  the 
gallant  Pelham.  the  splendid  Pendleton,  the  heroic 
Pender  and  Daniels,  and  Branch,  and  Whiting,  and 
Fisher,  and  Grimes,  and  Cox,  and  Robert  Vance,  and 
W.  P.  Roberts;  of  Ramseur,  the  superb;  of  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart,  the  greatest  cavalryman,  Gen.  Hooker  de- 
clared, ''yet  born  on  this  continent,"  and  of  many 
others  1  cannot  now  mention. 

A  noble  ex-Confederate  soldier,  now  living  in  the 
city  of  New  York.  Charles  Broadway  Ronss,  has 
already  signified  a  princely  generosity  by  offering  to 
give  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  to  help 
erect  a  Confederate  Museum.  We  salute  him  in  the 
name  of  the  Southern  people,  and  thank  him  in  the 
name  of  our  sacred  cause. 

In   Hopkinsville,    Kentucky,  is   a    column   to   the 


—15— 

memory  of  one  hundred  and  one  unknown  Confeder- 
ate soldiers.     Upon  a  bronze  panel  is  this  inscription  : 

"Around  this  column  is  buried  all  of  heroism  that  could  die." 

John  C.  Latham,  Jr.,  now  of  New  York  City,  erected 
this  monument,  but  his  name  nowhere  appears  upon 
it.  He  thus  reduced  the  golden  rule  to  a  granite 
shaft,  which  will  perpetuate  his  splendid  unselfish- 
ness and  nobility  of  soul,  as  it  will  the  courage  of  the 
dead  heroes  beneath  it. 

A    CONFEDERATE    COLUMN    AND    ITS    INSCRIPTIONS. 

I  wish  to  see  a  colossal  column  erected  to  the  pri- 
vate soldiers  of  the  Confederacy.  And  somewhere  on 
that  column,  by  the  side  of  the  story  of  other  men's 
splendid  heroism,  I  would  wish  to  read  proper  recog- 
nition of  the  deeds  of  one  of  the  "bravest  of  the 
brave.'' 

Victor  Hugo  says  ' 'Cambronne  was  sublime  at 
Waterloo"  when  he  refused  to  surrender  the  last 
spuare  of  the  "Old  Guard, "  and  fell,  with  his  men, 
under  the  fire  of  the  English  batteries. 

Let  me  name  a  soldier  who  was  equally  as  brave  at 
Gettysburg:  Bertie's  own  son,  Captain  Francis  W. 
Bird,  Company  C,  Eleventh  North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment, who  lost  thirty-four  out  of  thirty-eight  men  on 
the  first  and  second  days,  with  the  remaining  four 
went  into  the  great  charge  of  the  third,  and  brought 
out  his  flag  with  his  own  hand.  All  honor  to  his 
memory  to-day. 

And  on  that  Confederate  monument  should  be 
carved  words  telling  in  fitting  terms  of  the  endurance, 
patience,  love  and  heroism  of  the  Women  of  the 
South. 

Without  the  Confederate  private,  the  officers  would 
have  no  niche  in  the  Temple  of  Fame ;  without  the 
Confederate  officers,   the  Confederate  soldier  would 


—16— 

not  stand  the  supreme  figure  of  the  ages  ;  without  the 
Confederate  woman,  both  would  have  lacked  the  in- 
spiration that  made  them  immortal. 

And  should  any  such  memorial  be  erected,  there 
should  appear  on  it  the  name  of  the  Great  War  Gov- 
ernor of  North  Carolina.  My  countrymen,  when  the 
fathers  of  this  commonwealth  shall,  in  years  to  come, 
wish  to  point  their  sons  to  some  illustrious  exemplar 
of  purity  in  life,  fidelity  in  friendship,  and  grandeur 
in  statesmanship,  they  will  take  their  little  ones  upon 
their  knees  and  teach  them  to  lisp  and  to  love  the, 
name  of  Vance.  ^ 

THE    CONFEDERATE    MONUMENT    AT    CHICAGO. 

And  now  all  hail  to  the  citizens  of  Chicago,  who, 
with  a  patriotism  as  broad  as  the  Union,  recently  set 
the  republic  a  lesson  in  true  nobility  by  unveiling  a 
splendid  monument  to  our  six  thousand  Confederate 
dead  in  Camp  Douglas,  in  the  Metropolis  of  the  West. 

That  monument,  it  seems  to  me,  is  the  grandest  yet 
erected  on  the  earth.  Others  have  been  reared  by 
friends  and  by  fellow-countrymen,  never  divided  by 
the  crimson  hand  of  war.  But  this  monument  was 
erected  not  by  their  loving  brothers  in  gray,  but 
chiefly  by  their  once  fierce  foes  in  blue.  It  stands 
not  in  the  land  of  Jefferson  Davis,  but  in  the  adopted 
State  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  About  it  beautiful  women 
of  the  South  sang  no  songs  of  love,  but  brave  women 
of  the  North  with  flowers  wreathed  the  battery  at  its 
base,  contributed  by  the  government,  and  paid  tribute 
in  words  that  gave  new  glory  to  the  flag  of  the  Union . 

God  bless  the  citizens  of  Chicago  for  their  broad- 
mindedness,  unselfishness  and  generosity.  The  Great 
South  in  love  presses  to  her  bosom  her  splendid  sister, 
whose  imperial  domain  lies  beneath  the  setting  sun ; 
and  whose  sons  and  daughters  are  as  brave  and  beau- 


—17— 

tiful.  patriotic  and  progressive  as  any  of  the  children 
of  men. 

And  beautifully  did  General  Hampton  say,  and 
right  gladly  do  we  endorse  his  words:  "All  honor 
then  to  the  brave  and  liberal  men  of  Chicago,  who 
have  shown  by  their  action  that  they  regard  the  war 
as  over,  and  that  they  can  welcome  as  friends,  on  this 
solemn  and  auspicious  occasion,  their  former  enemies. 
As  long  as  this  lofty  column  points  to  heaven,  as  long 
as  one  stone  of  its  foundation  remains,  future  gener- 
ations of  Americans  should  look  upon  it  with  pride, 
nbt  only  as  an  honor  to  those  who  conceived  its  con- 
struction, but  as  a  silent,  though  noble  emblem  of  a 
restored  Union  and  a  reunited  people.  In  the  name 
of  my  comrades,  dead  and  living,  and  in  my  own 
name,  I  give  grateful  thanks  to  the  brave  men  of 
Chicago,  who  have  done  honor  to  our  dead  Confed- 
erate soldiers." 

THE    FALSE    AND    COWARD    CRY    OF    REBELS    AND 
REBELLION. 

In  the  presence  of  the  record  of  the  Confederate  sol- 
dier, there  are  men,  fortunately  but  few  in  number, 
sufficiently  malicious  and  cowardly  to  refer  to  him  as 
a  traitor  and  a  rebel.  Those  who  utter  this  base  ca- 
lumniation are  densely  ignorant,  or  infamously  false. 
We  despise  the  cowardly  aspersion.  We  protest 
against  it  in  the  name  of  the  Southern  people.  We 
repel  it  in  the  name  of  Alamance  and  Mecklenburg, 
King's  Mountain,  and  Guilford  Court  House.  We 
spurn  it  in  the  name  of  eighty  years  of  American  his- 
tory, during  which  the  councils  of  this  Republic  were 
directed  and  controlled  by  Southern  statesmen.  Who 
wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence?  Whose 
sword  beat  back  the  hosts  of  Britain?  What  jurist 
most   adorned   the  Supreme  Bench,   of  this   Nation? 


—18— 

Whose  tongue  fired  the  American  heart  with  the  love 
of  freedom  and  cried  "Give  me  liberty  or  give  me 
death!"  Whose  valor  at  New  Orleans  cut  to  pieces 
the  liower  of  the  English  army  and  rolled  back  the 
tide  of  invasion? 

Vile  calumniator  he,  who  dares  affirm  that  one  drop 
of  Rebel  blood  ever  flowed  in  the  veins  of  the  descend- 
ants of  Jeff  erson,  and  Jackson,  and  Patrick  Henry  and 
Marshall  and  Madison,  and  George  Washington  and 
their  compatriots.  Against  the  base  imputation  we 
appeal  to  the  words  of  Lincoln,  and  Grant,  and  Gree- 
ley, who  declared  that  the  Constitution  was  "silent 
about  secession,  and  that  it  was  a  question  of  construc- 
tion and  policy."  Rebels!  The  battle  flags  of  the 
Confederacy  fluttered  over  half  a  continent  and  the 
thunder  of  its  guns  echoed  around  the  globe.  When 
before  in  the  history  of  the  world  were  there  such 
reliefs*?     It  was  not  a  rebellion,  but  a  gigantic  war. 

When  before  in  the  history  of  the  world  were  rebels 
treated  as  were  the  armies  of  the  Confederacy  by  the 
terms  of  the  surrender  at  Appomattox? 

"What  did  General  Grant  mean  by  addressing  a  rebel 
in  all  his  correspondence,  as  General  R.  E.  Lee.  com- 
manding the  Confederate  States  Armies? 

Why  did  the  United  States  Government  fail  to  pros- 
ecute Jefferson  Davis?  Because  the  best  lawyers  of 
the  North  and  of  Europe,  advised  that  the  prosecution 
for  treason  could  not  be  sustained. 

Whenever  you  hear  the  vile  epithet  of  rebel  applied 
to  the  Confederate  soldier,  tell  the  base  slanderer  that 
Stonewall  Jackson  said.  "'Our  late  conflict  was  not  a 
rebellion,  but  the  "Second  war  of  Independence.'1  *i 

'  'He's  a  slave  who  dares  not  speak 
For  the  fallen  and  the  weak ; 
He's  a  slave  who  dares  not  be 
In  the  right  with  two  or  three." 


—19— 

THE    SOUTH    AND    THE    UNION CONCLUSION. 

Behold  the  South  !  How  beautiful !  Iu  1865  she 
emerged  from  the  fire  and  smoke  of  battle,  her  fair 
form  gashed  with  grievous  wounds,  and  red  with  her 
blood.  She  staggered  under  the  burden  of  a  loss  of 
three  billion  dollars  worth  of  slaves,  four  billions  of 
other  values,  and  a  mighty  incubus,  growing  out  of 
new  conditions.  She  placed  her  trust  in  the  men,  and 
the  sons  of  the  men,  who  have  crowned  her  with  glory 
in  war,  and  lo !  she  stands  to-day,  superb  in  her  im- 
perial power  and  loveliness — not  a  New  South,  but  a 
Progressive  South,  sweeping  along  the  pathway  of 
Anglo  Saxon  supremacy,  and  civil  liberty. 

Not  long  since,  Reverend  Dr.  Madison  Peters,  of 
New  York,  said,  -'I  wish  to  apologize  to  the  South 
for  the  uncharitable  thoughts  I  have  entertained  touch- 
ing her  loyalty  to  the  Union.  I  know  now,"  said  he, 
"that  if  the  tocsin  of  war  should  be  sounded,  a  foreign 
foe  invade  our  shores,  or  an  insurrection  arise  in  our 
midst,  two  million  men,  heavily  armed  would  come 
from  the  South,  and  rally  around  the  flag  of  the 
Union." 

He  added,  "The  South  may  yet  be  called  upon  to 
save  the  North  from  the  reckless  immigration  that  is 
undermining  her  social  order  and  threatening  our  in- 
stitutions.51 

From  the  base  of  the  Confederate  Monument  we 
recently  unveiled  in  our  Capital  city,  we  pledge  our 
brothers  of  the  North  that  the  opinion  expressed  by 
Dr.  Peters  is  fully  justified  by  the  patriotism  and  loy- 
alty of  the  Southern  people.  The  Stars  and  the  Stripes 
is  our  flag.  It  floats  above  our  homes,  and  will  rustle 
in  beauty  above  the  graves  of  our  loved  ones.  If  it  is 
not  our  flag,  we  have  none.  When  this  country  needs 
brave  hearts  to  defend  it,  all  will  see, 

"Whose  dripping  blades  and  stalwart  arms 
Will  hew  a  red  circle  in  the  line, 
And  fence  onr  Country's  flag  from  harm." 


—20— 

But  we  of  the  South  demand  a  "Union  of  the  States 
with  such  a  jealous  regard  for  one  another's  rights, 
that  when  the  interest  and  honor  of  one  are  assailed, 
all  the  rest  feeling  the  wound  will  kindle  with  just 
resentment  at  the  outrage." 

And  not  until  bad  men  of  the  North  cease  to  slan- 
der and  to  misconstrue  the  motives  of  Southern  men, 
can  there  be  that  perfect  union  of  hearts  so  earnestly 
desired  by  all  good  men  both  North  and  South. 

Loyal  to  this  Union,  standing  ready  to  defend  it 
against  internal  strife  or  a  world  in  arms,  we  dedicate 
ourselves  anew  to  the  perpetuation  of  our  sacred 
memories. 

Devoted  to  the  kt Stars  and  Stripes,"  we  will  gather, 
ever  and  anon,  about  the  ' 'Stars  and  Bars,"  and  wet 
it  with  tears  of  love,  and  all  brave  men  will  under- 
stand. 

"Four  stormy  years  we  saw  it  gleam, 
A  people's  hope — and  then  refurled 
Even  while  its  glory  was  the  theme — 
Of  half  the  world. 

"They  jeer,  who  trembled  as  it  hung 
Comet -like,  blazoning  the  sky, 
And  heroes,  such  as  Homer  sung, 
Followed  it — to  die.'' 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00032757419 

FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 
THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


